{"id":587,"date":"2026-09-05T01:45:16","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T01:45:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dinarview.com\/?p=587"},"modified":"2026-09-08T17:16:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-08T17:16:50","slug":"dv-intro-currency-exchange-markets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dinarview.com\/tr\/dv-intro-currency-exchange-markets\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f6viz Piyasalar\u0131na Giri\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00fcresel ekonomisinde, d\u00f6viz piyasalar\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 ticareti, yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve turizmi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmada hayati bir rol oynar. Irak Dinar\u0131 ile di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck para birimleri aras\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yapmak isteyen DinarView kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu piyasalar\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini anlamak, bilin\u00e7li kararlar almak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferli bir ba\u011flam sunar. Bu yaz\u0131, “D\u00f6viz Piyasalar\u0131n\u0131 Anlamak” serimizin ilk yaz\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve d\u00f6viz piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n temellerini, ba\u015fl\u0131ca oyuncular\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rleri ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6viz Piyasalar\u0131 Nedir?<\/h2>\n

Yayg\u0131n olarak forex veya FX piyasas\u0131 olarak bilinen d\u00f6viz piyasas\u0131, para birimlerinin birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. New York Menkul K\u0131ymetler Borsas\u0131 gibi fiziksel mek\u00e2nlarda i\u015fleyen borsa piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, d\u00f6viz piyasas\u0131n\u0131n merkezi bir konumu yoktur. Bunun yerine bankalar, finans kurulu\u015flar\u0131, \u015firketler, h\u00fck\u00fbmetler ve bireysel yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lardan olu\u015fan k\u00fcresel bir elektronik a\u011f olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015flem hacminin 6,6 trilyon dolar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen forex piyasas\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en likit finans piyasas\u0131d\u0131r. Sidney’den New York’a farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerini kapsayarak haftada be\u015f g\u00fcn, g\u00fcnde 24 saat faaliyet g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Piyasa ger\u00e7ekte neyden olu\u015fuyor<\/h2>\n

\u201cD\u00f6viz piyasas\u0131\u201d tek bir \u015feymi\u015f gibi geliyor. Be\u015f \u015feydir ve boylar\u0131 \u00e7ok farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 \u00d6demeler Bankas\u0131 bunlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda bir sayar; nisan 2025 anketi elimizdeki en yeni say\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

0<\/text>1.11<\/text>2.22<\/text>3.34<\/text>4.45<\/text>2.96<\/text>Spot<\/text>1.85<\/text>Fwd<\/text>3.99<\/text>FX swap<\/text>0.63<\/text>Opt<\/text>0.17<\/text>Ccy swap<\/text>G\u00fcnde trilyon dolar<\/text><\/svg>
Araca g\u00f6re ortalama g\u00fcnl\u00fck k\u00fcresel d\u00f6viz i\u015flem hacmi, nisan 2025, trilyon dolar. Toplam: g\u00fcnde 9,6 trilyon dolar. Kaynak: BIS \u00dc\u00e7 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Merkez Bankas\u0131 Anketi 2025, Tablo 1.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ara\u00e7<\/th>\nG\u00fcnl\u00fck hacim, nisan 2025<\/th>\nPay<\/th>\nNedir<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Spot<\/td>\n$2,957bn<\/td>\n31%<\/td>\nPara bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kurdan \u015fimdi el de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bir d\u00f6viz b\u00fcrosunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 budur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Forward<\/td>\n$1,847bn<\/td>\n19%<\/td>\nGelecekteki bir tarihteki takas i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn anla\u015f\u0131lan kur. \u0130thalat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swap<\/td>\n$3,986bn<\/td>\n42%<\/td>\n\u0130ki ayak: \u015fimdi al, sonra geri sat. Bankalar bunu spek\u00fclasyon i\u00e7in de\u011fil, k\u0131sa vadeli fonlamay\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Opsiyon<\/td>\n$634bn<\/td>\n7%<\/td>\nBelirlenmi\u015f bir kurdan takas etme hakk\u0131 \u2014 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck de\u011fil. Hacmi 2022\u2019den bu yana iki kattan fazla artt\u0131.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Para swap\u0131<\/td>\n$172bn<\/td>\n2%<\/td>\nPara birimleri aras\u0131nda uzun vadeli fonlama. En k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kalem ve en az de\u011fi\u015feni.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Net-net esas\u0131na g\u00f6re, nisan 2025 g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalamalar\u0131, milyar dolar. Kaynak: BIS \u00dc\u00e7 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Merkez Bankas\u0131 Anketi 2025, Tablo 1.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130lk sat\u0131r Irak\u2019\u0131 anlatan sat\u0131r. Spot i\u015flem \u2014 paran\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc fiyattan \u015fimdi el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi \u2014 nisan 2025\u2019te d\u00fcnya genelinde g\u00fcnde 2.957 milyar dolard\u0131; piyasan\u0131n y\u00fczde 31\u2019i ve 2022\u2019deki y\u00fczde 28\u2019in \u00fczerinde. Kifah Caddesi\u2019ndeki ya da Erbil \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki bir d\u00f6viz b\u00fcrosunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her \u015fey o sat\u0131ra girer. D\u00fcnya d\u00f6viz piyasas\u0131n\u0131n kalan y\u00fczde 69\u2019u gelece\u011fe dair s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden olu\u015fur ve Irak\u2019\u0131n bundan neredeyse hi\u00e7 pay\u0131 yoktur: dinar cinsinden i\u015fleyen bir forward piyasas\u0131 yok; Irakl\u0131 bir ithalat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n tek ger\u00e7ek korunmas\u0131n\u0131n dolar tutmak olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni tam olarak budur.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6viz Piyasas\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Akt\u00f6rleri<\/h2>\n

D\u00f6viz ekosistemi birka\u00e7 temel kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131y\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n

1. Ticari Bankalar ve Yat\u0131r\u0131m Bankalar\u0131<\/h3>\n

Bankalar, forex piyasas\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur. JPMorgan Chase, Citibank, Deutsche Bank ve HSBC gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck uluslararas\u0131 bankalar g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak devasa i\u015flem hacimlerini y\u00f6netir. Bu kurumlar yaln\u0131zca m\u00fc\u015fterilerinin d\u00f6viz ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na hizmet etmekle kalmaz, kendi hesaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in de i\u015flem yapar.<\/p>\n

2. Merkez Bankalar\u0131<\/h3>\n

ABD Merkez Bankas\u0131 (Federal Reserve), Avrupa Merkez Bankas\u0131, \u0130ngiltere Merkez Bankas\u0131 ve Irak Merkez Bankas\u0131 gibi merkez bankalar\u0131, d\u00f6viz piyasalar\u0131nda kritik roller \u00fcstlenir. Bu kurumlar:<\/p>\n